Turkey is large, so the right transport depends on the distance. Domestic flights are fastest over long distances, long-distance buses reach almost everywhere, trains run on selected routes, ferries cross the Bosphorus and the Aegean, and cities have their own metro, tram and minibus systems. Timetables and fares change often, so this guide explains what each option is for and where to check current details, and it does not quote fares or journey times we could not verify.

Domestic flights

For long distances, flying is usually fastest. Turkish Airlines, Pegasus and AJet are the main domestic carriers, and most major cities connect with Istanbul. Istanbul has two airports: Istanbul Airport (IST), which handled 84,457,421 passengers in 2025, and Sabiha Gökçen (SAW) on the Asian side, which handled more than 48 million. Check which airport your flight uses, and allow transfer time if you change airports. Book early for holidays and summer, and read the baggage rules, since low-cost fares often exclude checked bags.

Intercity buses

Long-distance buses connect nearly every city and are the backbone of travel in Turkey. Many routes run overnight. Compare operators on a booking site, check seat and luggage rules, and book ahead for weekends and public holidays. Bus terminals are called otogar, and large cities have more than one, so confirm which one your bus uses. Overnight buses save a hotel night, but leave you tired on arrival.

Trains

The Turkish State Railways (TCDD) run high-speed trains on some routes, including Istanbul and Ankara and Ankara and Konya, and conventional trains elsewhere. Trains suit scenery and comfort, and they are not always the fastest way to travel. Check the TCDD site for current routes and book early on popular lines.

Ferries and boats

Istanbul’s public ferries cross the Bosphorus and link the European and Asian sides, and they are the most scenic commute in the world. Ferries also cross to Greek islands from Aegean and Mediterranean ports, mostly in season: check the operator’s timetable and carry your passport. For ferries versus tours, see our Bosphorus cruise guide.

Getting around cities

Istanbul’s public transport includes metro, tram, buses, commuter rail and ferries. Metro İstanbul lists lines such as the M4 between Kadıköy and Sabiha Gökçen Airport and the T1 tram between Kabataş and Bağcılar. The İstanbulkart is the rechargeable card, issued by BELBİM, and its site publishes fees and limits. Many other cities have trams, metros and dolmuş minibuses. Check the local transit site for current fares.

Taxis. The UK describes unofficial taxis as highly risky. Use registered, metered or app-based taxis, and avoid drivers who approach you in arrivals halls.

Renting a car

A car suits the coast, Cappadocia and rural areas. Drive on the right and follow posted speed limits, which vary by road type. Many motorways use an electronic toll system, so ask your rental company how tolls are charged. Check licence and insurance requirements with the rental company and your embassy before you travel. Allow extra time on the coast in summer, when roads are busy.

Airport to city

Both Istanbul airports connect to the city by public transit, airport buses and taxis, and the options and fares change. Check the airport and Metro İstanbul websites for current routes and fares, and use registered taxis.

Which option for which trip

Trip	Usual choice
—	—
Istanbul to Cappadocia, Antalya or the east	A domestic flight
Istanbul to Ankara or Konya	High-speed train or flight
Between coastal towns	Bus, dolmuş or rental car
Within Istanbul	Metro, tram, ferry and walking
Cappadocia valleys	Walking, tours, taxis or quad bikes

Frequently asked questions

What is the best way to travel between cities in Turkey?

For long distances, a domestic flight is usually fastest. Buses connect most cities, and trains serve some routes. Check live timetables and fares.

Do I need a car in Turkey?

Not in Istanbul or places with good public transport. A car helps on the coast and in rural areas.

How do I get from the airport to the city?

Istanbul’s airports connect by public transit, buses and taxis. Check the airport website, and use registered or app-based taxis, not drivers who approach you.

What is the İstanbulkart?

The rechargeable card for Istanbul public transport, issued by BELBİM. Its site publishes fees and limits.

Are taxis safe in Turkey?

The UK says unofficial taxis are highly risky. Use registered, metered or app-based taxis.

Can I take a ferry from Turkey to Greece?

Yes, from some ports in season. Check the operator and carry your passport.

Sources: Turkish transport ministry figures reported by Anadolu Agency; Metro İstanbul; BELBİM; UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Updated October 2026.